Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essays

Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essays Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essay Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essay In this report, I will be breaking down your cash flow forecast in detail and will be making suggestions and pointing out problems and telling you how I would change them. A cash flow forecast is a statement that shows the expected movements of the cash in and out of a business. It is normally prepared on a 12 month basis but predictions will more than likely be done on a monthly basis. Cash Inflows: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 16850 1900 2600 3000 3200 3600 3700 3900 4000 4100 4200 4500 Cash out flows: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 16950 1610 3190 3470 3480 3630 3880 3785 3905 4045 3975 4155 This shows cash inflows from January to December compared with the outflows from January to December I will be using these figures to make recommendation for the issues that I have found. Cash inflows: Sales: Issue: At the start it looks like you have good sales. However you outflow started to become higher than your sales you can see this in six of the months on the statement. Your sales gradually increase towards august and is positive but not by a lot, only by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½115, unfortunately you are still left with a negative closing balance. Credit Sales: Issue: Credit sales this is when a product is sold to a customer on credit, which means they receive the product before they have paid for it, normally the customer will start to pay it off a month after purchase. This method is used to gain more sales. In your business case selling on credit has gained your more sales as credit sales have increased each month the highest point increased to 1500. Credit sales are a bit of a gamble as you can never predict a late or missed payment. However it does increase the inflow on the cash flow statement. Something that you might consider doing is charging people interest if they are late to repay you this way people would be more inclined to pay you on time. Also it means that if you have to pay interest on a bank overdraft because you dont have the money up front because of a late payment it will then cover your costs. Recommendation: My recommendation would be to increase your prices as you have low sales, this might be essential to your survival and this is your main objective. Potentially you could increase your sales if you did some more advertising. By advertising your business more it will cost you quite a bit of money in the short term. However in the long time I think it will be beneficial. Capital Expenditure: Fixed assets: Issue: You have spent a lot of money on your fixed assets, as this is your first business it is essential that you buy equipment that is needed for you to succeed, as they will hopefully last you a long time. I have noticed that you have spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400 on a trolley jack, there are also I few other that you have spent a lot of money on some of which I dont think were really necessary. This money could have been better spent in other areas of the business. Recommendation: Instead of buying all of your equipment and spending a lot of money in one go it might benefit you more if you had rented equipment like the trolley jack and just brought the essential equipment. This is more expensive in the long term but more beneficial in the short term. This will take half of the capital introduced to the business at the start of the month. This is because you will be paying small amounts each month for the equipment instead of a huge lump some at the beginning. Revenue Expenditure Overheads: Issue: General expenses consist of things like rent, gas, electricity, insurance and power. At the moment you are paying à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 a month for your rent this is a very good price and only à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150 every three months for you light and power which is also very reasonable. Your material costs are at a reasonable price but your sales should be doubling the money you spent so this shows like I said early that you should put your prices up. As the prices are reasonable I am sure you shouldnt have to much difficulty keeping up with payments. However your telephone bill is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 a month which is the equivalent of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2400 a year you need to keep this bill as low as possible as it is costing you a lot. Recommendation: There are only a couple of things I can think of that will benefit you in this area the first would be to contact your supplier and see if you could start buying in bulk this would cost you more in the short term but would be less in the long term. The other suggestion I would make is to change to a contract mobile for the business look for one with unlimited calls this would cost around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 a month, as you are spending on average à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 a month this would save you à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150 a month which is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1800 a year. Personal Drawings: Issue: At the moment you are taking over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 a month for your self, I am sure this is what you deserve for the work you do. It would benefit the business if you tried to cut this down if possible. Recommendation: Your business will consistently stay negative unless you cut down on the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1010 you earn a month. Net Cash Flow: Issue: The difference between the cash inflow and outflow of the business is called the net cash flow. Your expenditure is higher than it should be as a result of this your business was only positive once in the first seven months. Also you used up the capital introduced of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16000 before the second month which is not good. Recommendation You need to reduce your expenditure in order to survive. From what I see you have a lot of expenses to sales. You could start up new methods of selling your product such as advertising, cold calling set up an internet site. Closing Balance Issue: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 100 390 -200 -670 -280 -310 -490 -375 -280 -225 0 345 The figures above show your closing balance. Unfortunately for you the majority are negative. However towards the end of the year it is looking better which means if you can keep this going your business has a high chance of survival. You need to keep your closing balance positive because when applying for a bank loan the cash flow forecast for you business is one of the things that they will look at. Recommendation: In the first couple of months as you can see your business isnt doing to great but if you follow the recommendations I have suggested then hopefully your business will turn around like it has started to do in December. If the closing is consistently kept positive then applying for a loan will be essential for the business as it could be used to invest in to the business. However at the moment you would not be able to apply for a bank loan as the majority of months are negative.

Quick Guide to Command-Line Arguments in Ruby

Quick Guide to Command-Line Arguments in Ruby Many Ruby scripts have no text or graphical interfaces. They simply run, do their job and then exit. To communicate with these scripts in order to change their behavior, command-line arguments must be used. The command line is the standard mode of operation for UNIX commands, and since Ruby is used widely on UNIX and UNIX-like systems (such as Linux and macOS), its pretty standard to encounter this type of program. How to Provide Command-Line Arguments Ruby script arguments are passed to the Ruby program by the shell, the program that  accepts commands (such as bash) on the terminal. On the command-line, any text following the name of the script is considered a command-line argument. Separated by spaces, each word or string will be passed as a separate argument to the Ruby program.   The following example shows the proper syntax to use to launch the test.rb Ruby script from a command-line with the arguments test1 and test2. $ ./test.rb test1 test2 You may encounter a situation in which you need to pass an argument to a Ruby program but theres a space in the command. It seems impossible at first since the shell separates arguments on spaces, but there is a provision for this. Any arguments in double quotes will not be separated. The double quotes are removed by the shell before passing it to the Ruby program. The following example passes a single argument to the test.rb Ruby script, test1 test2: $ ./test.rb test1 test2 How to Use Command-Line Arguments In your Ruby programs, you can access any command-line arguments passed by the shell with the ARGV special variable. ARGV is an Array variable which holds, as strings, each argument passed by the shell. This program iterates over the ARGV array and prints out its contents: #!/usr/bin/env ruby ARGV.each do|a|   Ã‚  puts Argument: #{a} end The following is an excerpt of a bash session launching this script (saved as the file test.rb) with a variety of arguments: $ ./test.rb test1 test2 three four Argument: test1 Argument: test2 Argument: three four

Italian Renaissance Artists Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Italian Renaissance Artists - Term Paper Example It was a movement and an era of awakening that turned from the darkness and stagnation of the middle ages and laid the basis for Western civilization up to the present. The flowering of art during the Renaissance is what it is most remembered for today. Hence, the paintings and sculptures and their creators can be seen as springboards for discussing some fundamental changes in attitude – especially how art evidences new attitudes toward man, his place in the world, and his relationship to God. (Osmond, 1998, p.18) This essay will talk about Italian artists – the likes of Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bellini, etc - who played pivotal roles in this great chapter in European history. During the era of the early Renaissance, evolving modes of representation and choice of content led to a redefinition of painting and sculpture as liberal arts. It can even be said that visual  artists themselves played a role in modifying the perception of their profession and art. In o ther words, artists both helped to shape and to react to an essential change in their status from craftsman to creator. This can be learnt from the broad ranging â€Å"written and visual evidence, including treatises, contracts, letters, financial records, and, perhaps most interesting, the works of art themselves. That many of the most successful early  Renaissance artists  evinced a significant interest in intellectual and social issues is demonstrated in a number of different areas, including changes in artistic training; the involvement of  artists in civic life; their engagement in the study of antiquity and antique art;  artists pursuit of the literary arts, including poetry, autobiography, and theory; and their participation in the paragone debate.† (Rosenberg, 2001, p.937) There was also a shift in the power relationship between patron and artist in favor of the latter, a shift ushered in by the emergence of the social value of artistic renown. The impact of t his phenomenon is best illustrated in the â€Å"difficulties which Isabella d'Este, the Marchioness of Mantua, experienced as she went about negotiating with some of Italy's "best  artists" -- Bellini, Mantegna, Perugino, and Leonardo -- for paintings for her famous studiolo†. (Rosenberg, 2001, p.937) Likewise, artists such as Giovanna Garzoni, Bartolomeo Bimbi, Jacopo Ligozzi, etc â€Å"brought to their subjects not only a masterly technique, but a freshness and originality of style that would have a lasting influence on botanical illustration and the art of naturalistic painting.† (Hirschauer, 2002, p.62) The cartoons made by them are â€Å"full-scale drawings characterized by extended passages of careful modeling and chiaroscuro, became collectible objects valued for their intrinsic aesthetic qualities. Raphael's cartoon (Ambrosiana Gallery, Milan) for the School of Athens is the largest and perhaps best known example of this category of drawing. Because the tran sfer process often led to the destruction of a cartoon, artists introduced another intermediate step, the "substitute cartoon," as a means of preserving workshop model drawings and of keeping the ben finito cartone intact† (Fletcher, 2000, p.347) Towering above the achievements of other artists are the masterly works of Michelangelo,

Strategic Information Technology Management Essay - 1

Strategic Information Technology Management - Essay Example Now, it has developed as a Multibillion Dollar Company and today, it is known as the top brands of the world. Besides a large courier and package delivery chain, they also give specialized transportation, investment and electronic business provisions. The company administers route of merchandise, resources and the related information around the globe on a daily basis (Camerer 2003). The company is able to run its business in more than 20 countruies. Development of the Role of ICT The information and communication technology sector is the main source for low income class in developing countries to fullfill their needs of communication and to acquire knowledge. But, it was not always a useful mean to get appropriate income. However, it has been in development phase for last 20 years. Now, it is playing a major role in the expansion of economic opportunities. In 1980s, the â€Å"universal access† was an aim but today, it has become a reality. At present, the information and commu nication technology segment holds Today the ICT sector holds â€Å"hardware, software, the internet, telephony, content, application and support services† (Haycock, Cheadle, and Bluestone 2012). Today, the information and communication technology sector has become the foundation of the current economical globalization and everywhere in the world the ICT sector greatly supports the economic sector. Here are the reasons. Reducing Transactional cost With the help of ICT sector, the transaction cost is reduced and productivity of sectors increases. Immediate Connectivity Through communication technology, companies can easily and quickly get connected to their clients and it is not only voice but video connectivity as well and all... This essay stresses that mobile phones are advanced means of communication and through this device a person can send a message to another person having this device and communicate by making calls. You can take your phone with you whereever you want to go. There are many other devices or ways of communication for delivering information from one place or person to another place or person. With the extended access to information and communication technologies, people are encouraged to use these technologies. The information and communication technology sector is the main source for low income class in developing countries to fullfill their needs of communication and to acquire knowledge. But, it was not always a useful mean to get appropriate income. Today, the information and communication technology sector has become the foundation of the current economical globalization and everywhere in the world the ICT sector greatly supports the economic sector. This paper makes a conclusion that the concept of information and communication technology; their role in the development and the digitization of the economy and also about the new ways of strategic thinking. The role of a manager of UPS, for the development of company with the information and communication technology changes as to how the manager brings changes with the development of information and communication technology. This study concludes that everthing depends upon the creativity of thought of a manager, he can better evaluate as how instantly he accept the changes and respond in the context of that change.

The Democratic Republic of Congo Essay Example for Free

The Democratic Republic of Congo Essay The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been characterized by the behavior of her natives, especially in the eastern part, being engaged into selling some of her valuable minerals such as gemstones and gold to other countries via the black markets mostly located at the country’s borders. The stakeholders in this business include the Senegalese, Indian and Chinese clients. Though the smugglers participating in this kind of illegal business are small part-time group of actors, they earn themselves millions of dollars, part of which is hidden in the country’s distressed backwoods. This income has been used to finance the country’s armed groups (Manson, 1). As a result, it has not been so smooth and easy to get to the bottom of the conflict that has over years existed over the Congo’s minerals. Even some of the smugglers testify that because of the sufferings that they have undergone for quite a long period of time, they resolved to this dirty business since they had nothing else they could do. Arguments from lobby groups in the U. K. reported that in order to attain peace in Congo and resettle the millions of displaced citizens, mineral-related conflicts ought to be contained first. However, it has been very challenging to resolves these conflicts because certain hindrances. To begin with, the smuggling routes are untraceable. Despite these pathways being rocky, twisted and on the green hills, there are armed men who demand for cash taxes and other levies such as their imposed in-kind levies. Moreover the mining sites are all through guided majorly by the PARECO, a former militia group (Global Witness, 1). Manufacturers of mobile phones have also been accused for having helped finance these conflicts since these companies have been using metals such as tantalum and tin which are obtained from the processing of the minerals from this country. As a result, these mobile phone companies have been called upon to review their supply chains with the aim of making certain that their tin and tantalum supplies are not from militia-controlled or military units-controlled mines. Thailand based Thailand Smelting and Refining Company (Thaisarco) has been accused for being a manufacturer of the mobile phones that buys ore from a Hutu Militia group, FDLR (Katrina, 1). Thaisarco is owned by Amalgamated Metal Corporation (AMC), a British company In the resolutions by the U. N. , it was highlighted that a measure to freeze the assets and ban the travels for those involved in financing the illegal Congolese armed groups should be taken on worldwide. In order to help hold back the catastrophes associated with the corrupt and illegal exploitation of the Congo’s mineral resources, the international trade system stakeholders have been urged to mend any loopholes so as to end not only this impunity but also avoid environmental abuses, bring to a halt mineral-linked conflicts and more importantly refrain from infringing the Congolese human rights. Furthermore, guideline to enable the tracing of the sources of the minerals should be put forth. Media analysis has helped me understand clearly the causes of the conflicts that are in Congo that are closely linked with the illegal exploitation of the minerals within the country, the contributors of these conflicts and also the prescriptions, from various public views, on how resolutions may be arrived at. This is because the analysis enhances the understanding of raw data from the various view points. It has played a crucial role in helping relate the events that were occurring in DRC. However, media analysis proves to be limiting is some ways. For instance, the information provided is most a times summarized, missing some first hand information. As a result, one is made to believe on the information at hand. Works Cited Global Witness. Metals in Mobile Phones Help Finance Congo Atrocities. February 16, 2009, Viewed August 2, 2010 from http://www. globalwitness. org/media_library_detail. php/718/en/metals_in_mobile_phones_help_finance_congo_atrocities Katrina, M. Groups Says Suing UK Over Congo Conflict Minerals. Times Live, July 26, 2010. Viewd August 2, 2010 from http://www. timeslive. co. za/africa/article570920. ece/Group-says-suing-UK-over-Congo-conflict-minerals Manson, K. Uphill Task to Solve Congo’s Conflict Minerals. Reuters Jul 30, 2010, viewed August 2 2010 from http://uk. reuters. com/article/idUKTRE66T1LR20100730

Mars landing and probes :: essays research papers

Mars (Greek: Ares) is the god of War. The planet probably got this name due to its red color; Mars is sometimes referred to as the Red Planet. (An interesting side note: the Roman god Mars was a god of agriculture before becoming associated with the Greek Ares; those in favor of colonizing and terraforming Mars may prefer this symbolism.) The name of the month March derives from Mars. Mars has been known since prehistoric times. It is still a favorite of science fiction writers as the most favorable place in the Solar System (other than Earth!) for human habitation. But the famous "canals" "seen" by Lowell and others were, unfortunately, just as imaginary as Barsoomian princesses. The first spacecraft to visit Mars was Mariner 4 in 1965. Several others followed including Mars 2, the first spacecraft to land on Mars and the two Viking landers in 1976 (left). Ending a long 20 year hiatus, Mars Pathfinder landed successfully on Mars on 1997 July 4 (right). In 2004 the Mars Expedition Rovers "Spirit" and "Opportunity" landed on Mars sending back geologic data and many pictures. Mars' orbit is significantly elliptical. One result of this is a temperature variation of about 30 C at the subsolar point between aphelion and perihelion. This has a major influence on Mars' climate. While the average temperature on Mars is about 218 K (-55 C, -67 F), Martian surface temperatures range widely from as little as 140 K (-133 C, -207 F) at the winter pole to almost 300 K (27 C, 80 F) on the day side during summer. Though Mars is much smaller than Earth, its surface area is about the same as the land surface area of Earth. Except for Earth, Mars has the most highly varied and interesting terrain of any of the terrestrial planets, some of it quite spectacular: Olympus Mons: the largest mountain in the Solar System rising 24 km (78,000 ft.) above the surrounding plain. Its base is more than 500 km in diameter and is rimmed by a cliff 6 km (20,000 ft) high (right). Tharsis: a huge bulge on the Martian surface that is about 4000 km across and 10 km high. Valles Marineris: a system of canyons 4000 km long and from 2 to 7 km deep (top of page); Hellas Planitia: an impact crater in the southern hemisphere over 6 km deep and 2000 km in diameter.

Closed Loop Motor Speed Control

INTRODUCTION 1. 1 In order to be able to build a closed loop controller, you need some mean of gaining information about the rotation of the shaft like the  number of revolutions executed per second, or even the precise angle of the shaft. This source of information about the shaft of the motor is called â€Å"feed-back† because it sends back information from the controlled actuator to the controller. 1. 2 METHODOLOGY: LASER BASED SPEED SENSOR The methodology of our project is shown in the block diagram in fig 1. 1 . LCD DISPLAY MOTOR DRIVER MOTOR INPUTS MCU MOTOR CONTROLLER Fig 1. 1: Block Diagram of DC Motor Speed Control 1.INPUTS: User defined or user desirable speed are fed to the MCU block or microcontrller through numerical keyboard. 2. MCU: The main controlling unit which takes as well as sends signal to control the speed of the motor and displays the speed as well. 3. MOTOR CONTROLLER: It takes the reference signal from MCU and convert it into required voltage. 4. MO TOR DRIVER: The required power to drive the motor will be fed by the motor driver. 5. MOTOR: The motor now runs at the desired speed as given. 6. LASER BASED SPEED SENSOR: Here laser speed sensor circuit is used to drive the speed of the motor and feeds the equivalent signal to the MCU. . LCD DISPLAY: Displays the obtained speed. 1. 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: 1. 4 WORK PLAN: In this semester we are planning to design the optical tachometer and learn the basic operation of the microcontroller. START Doing some literature survey and studying the project Design the block diagram of the whole circuit Design the circuitry for each blocks Testing the hardware for the blocks Make changes to the circuitry. Is the hardware working properly NO Test the changes Integrating different block together YES Testing the assembled circuit Make some modification in the circuit Is the model working properly STOP Documentation NO YESFig 1. 4: Flowchart Showing the Methodology of the Project. 1. 7 CONCLUSION In t his project we learn about optical tachometer using microcontroller, its uses and advantages. We can implement this knowledge in further application of using microcontroller. Through this microcontroller we can arrange a pattern of speed. This can be easily done with microcontroller but through other technique it becomes difficult because using microcontroller we just have to change the software to change the speed. But in other technique the complete hardware has to be changed. The speed of the motor can be changed by using duty cycle. REFERENCE: 1] Peter Nawfel,†Laser Based Non Contact Speed Sensor Reduces Breaks On High Speed Unwind†,Paper Age,Nov/Dec 2003. [2] Priya Duggal,†Microcontroller Based Speed control of DC Motor Through RS-232 Interface With PC. †International Journal of Advances in Electronics Engineering. [3] Azim Fauza Bin Md khair,† The Motor Speed System Using Infrared System †,May 2008, http//www. google. com [4] R. Arulmozhiyal ,etal. ,† Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Based Speed Control of Induction Motor using Fuzzy PI Controller†, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Volume. 1, No. 1, April 2009. [5] Rohit Gupta,etal. †Thyristor Based Speed Control Techniques of DC Motor: A Comparative Analysis†,International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012. [6] Atul Kumar Dewangan,etal. ,† PWM Based Automatic Closed Loop Speed Control of DC Motor†, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology,Volume 3,Issue 2,2012. [7] Ashok Kusagur,etal. ,† Modelling of Induction Motor & Control Of Speed Using Hybrid Controller Technology†, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. [8] Sanjeev Kumar,etal. ,† Speed Control Of Separately Excited DC Motor Using Neuro Fuzzy Technique†,http//www. oogle. com,2009-2010. [9] Sarat Kumar Sahoo,etal. ,† Touch Screen based Sp eed Control of Single Phase Induction Motor†, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 2 (6), 2010, 392-396. [10] Sharanbasappa. B. Belamgi,etal. ,† Speed Control Of AC/DC Motor Using Single Phase Line-Interactive Power Supply†, World Journal of Science and Technology, 2011. [11] Amir Faizy,etal. ,† DC Motor Control Using Chopper†, http//www. google. com. [12] Hussein TH. Khamees,†Design and Implementation of speed control Induction Machine by Using Interface programming†, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol. , Issue. 3, May-June 2012 pp-1334-1338. [13] M. V. Ramesh,etal. † Speed Control Of Brushless DC Motor By Using Fuzzy Logic PI Controller†, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Volume 6, NO. 9, September 2011. [14] Donato Pasquariello,etal. , â€Å"Remote-Touch: A Laser Input User–Display Interaction Technology†, JournalL of Display Technology, Volume 4, NO. 1, March 2008. [15] Mehdi Ghazavi Dozein,etal. , â€Å"Speed Control of DC Motor Using Different Optimization Techniques Based PID Controller†, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research,2(7)6488-6494, 2012. [16] V. Bhaskar,etal. â€Å"GSM Based Motor Monitoring and Speed Control†, International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE), ISSN No. 2231 –6477, Volume-1, Issue-2, 2011. [17] G. Gurusamy,etal. ,† Design of Speed Controller for Speed Control of Converter Fed DC Motor Drive using Model Order Reduction Technique†, European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 76 No. 2 (2012), pp. 288-299. [18] Ahmed Rhif ,â€Å"Stabilizing Sliding Mode Control Design And Application For a DC Motor: Speed Control†, International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS), Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2012. [19] M. Dechrit,etal. † Wheelchair Stabilizing by Controlling the Speed Control of its DC Mot or†, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 58 2011. [20] R. P. Dhobale,etal. ,† FPGA Implementation of Three-Phase Induction Motor Speed Control Using Fuzzy Logic and Logic Based PWM Technique†, 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Mar-2012 Special Issue of International Journal of electronics, Communication & Soft Computing Science & Engineering, ISSN: 2277-9477. [21] â€Å"Internal Peripheral Of AVR MCUs†,Extreme Electronics. [22] â€Å"Pin Configuration of AT mega 16†, Extreme Electronics.

Analysis of Learning Theory Essay

Teaching and education in the church utilizes both the spiritual, as well as the psychological. Andy Stanley and Lane Jones in their book Communicating For A Change discuss teaching the Bible in a clear and concise way that encourages one to change. William Yount in his book Created to Learn examines traditional learning theory and how it applies to teaching the Bible. Andy Stanley has come up with three ways one can approach teaching the Bible. The first way is to teach the Bible to people. This method is just to educate the people about Bible facts. It does not address doctrine or to dig deeper into biblical truth. Stanley states, â€Å"This is the perfect approach for the communicator whose goal is to simply explain what the Bible teaches.† This is not a very helpful teaching method. Just knowing Bible knowledge will not impact one’s life. Change requires application. The second way to approach teaching Scripture is to teach people the Bible. This is the traditional way pastors and teachers approach the Scriptures. It is three points and a poem. Stanley states, â€Å"This goal differs from the first in that the communicator takes his audience into account as he plans his approach.† The third method of teaching is the method the authors present, which is hearing and doing. Stanley states, â€Å"A third goal, and the one I subscribe to, is to teach people how to live a life that reflects the values, principles and truths of the Bible. In short, my goal is change. I want them to do something different instead of just think about it.† This is best summed up when James states to be a doer of the Word not just a hearer, in the first chapter, talks about being a hearer and a doer of the Word. Appling the Word is the only way one will see any change in one’s life. Learning also has a psychological aspect as well. There are various theories on how one learns. One such theory is behavioral learning theory. Behavioral theory teaches that one learns through conditioning. Edward Thorndike has adapted traditional beha vioral learning to the classroom. William Yount describes Thorndike’s law of readiness. â€Å"The law of readiness states that learning proceeds best when learners are properly prepared to respond†¦In the classroom, learning proceeds best when learners are made ‘ready’ – when they are engaged in the subject – at the beginning of the session.† The law of readiness takes into account the environment where learning takes place. By providing the optimal learning environment, the teacher is creating an atmosphere that encourages learning. Learning also takes place through repetition and practice, which is known as the law of exercise. The third law Thorndike recognizes is the law of effect. Yount states, â€Å"The law of effect states that any response that is followed by pleasure or reward strengthens the association between that response and its stimulus.† This theory treats human learning just like training an animal. It does not take into consideration man’s spiritual nature. However, conditioning is useful in classroom management and conduct. Another theory of learning is social learning theory. Albert Bandura is the psychologist who popularized this theory. It has four stages. Stage one is known as attention. Yount states, â€Å"Attention is attracted, intentionally or not, by the perception that models help status competence, popularity, success, or similarity.† The concept of modeling is best described biblically as discipleship. The next phase is called retention. Yount states, â€Å"Retention – ‘retaining information or impressions’ – refers to the observer’s encoding of the model’s behavior into memory so that it can be remembered and produced at a later time.† This is done by mentally storing the information in one’s brain. The third stage is production. Production is practicing the observed behavior and adapting it based on feedback. This concept is learning by doing what one has seen in the model. Jesus sent out the disciples in groups of two to put into practice what they have learned. The fourth stage is motivation. The learning is motivated by their behavior being reinforced. This is done through feedback, both positive and negative. Social learning theory is consistent with the process of discipleship. Mentors are able to model what the Christian life looks like and the disciples put that behavior into practice. A third learning theory is cognitive learning theory. One form of cognitive learning is known as discovery learning. Yount states, â€Å"Discovery learning builds upon direct instruction to help students see the relationships among principles and concepts. It leads to longer-lasting retention of the material, as well as higher self-esteem in learners. Discovery learning encourages the development and use of creative thinking skills, involving formal logic, but more, including beliefs, desires expectations, emotions, and intentions of learners.† Discovery learning is made up of five concepts. The first concept is structure. This is organizing material in a concrete way in order to be taught. It is organizing material into outlines or graphs and the like. The next concept is presentation. Yount states, â€Å"Bruner believed that people possess different modes of under standing, and that these modes were available to learners of any age. He called these modes the enactive, the iconic, and the symbolic.† The enactive mode is learning by doing and seeing presentations. The iconic mode is learning visually by pictures and such. The symbolic mode is learning by describing complicated concepts verbally. The third concept is economy. This concept deals with the idea that providing too much information can cause overload and actually hinder learning. Stanley refers to this when evaluating traditional Bible teaching. The next concept is power. This power is best found in keeping learning simple and concise. Breaking concepts down into formulas or diagrams is helpful. The final concept of discovery learning is motivation. Yount states, â€Å"Intrinsic motivation sustains that will to learn; extrinsic motivation does not. Intrinsic motivation comes from the student’s own curiosity, their drive to achieve competence, and reciprocity – the desire to work cooperatively with others. These are rewarding in themselves, and thus, self-sustaining. The fourth learning theory is educational humanism. This concept takes the whole person into consideration and is learner focused. Yount states, â€Å"Learners are persons; therefore, life-changing learning engages personal attitudes, emotions, and values. The goal of educational humanism was to personalize the classroom.† There are several positive aspects to humanistic learning. One is the ability for teachers to build relationships with their students. This can also apply the modeling concept of social learning. Another positive aspect is the ability for students to explore their feelings and emotions. Yount states, â€Å"In the context of Bible study, exploring personal feelings and sharing personal testimonies are means to spiritual growth as God’s Word speaks, and Bible truths are discovered, personalized, and integrated into the authentic activities of life.† Learning theory impacts how one approaches teaching the Bible. In the opinion of the author, social learning theories, as well as, aspects of discovery learning and humanistic learning are effective in teaching the Scriptures. The concept of modeling is biblical. When Jesus told the disciples to follow Him, He was inviting them into a modeling relationship. This is the call to discipleship. By discovering biblical truth and applying to one’s life, both individually and in community, is how one grows in Christ. Bibliography Stanley, Andy and Lane Jones. Communicating For A Change. Colorado Springs: Multnomah Books, 2006. Yount, William R. Created to Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Introduction to Educational Psychology. Nashville: B&H Academic, 2010. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Andy Stanley and Lane Jones, Communicating For A Change, (Colorado Springs: Multnomah Books, 2006), 93. [ 2 ]. Stanley and Jones, 94. [ 3 ]. William R. Yount, Created to Learn: A Christian Teacher’s Introduction to Educational Psychology, (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2010), 178. [ 4 ]. Yount, 179. [ 5 ]. Ibid., 219. [ 6 ]. Ibid., 220. [ 7 ]. Ibid., 221. [ 8 ]. Ibid., 242. [ 9 ]. Ibid., 243. [ 10 ]. Stanley and Jones, 102. [ 11 ]. Yount, 244. [ 12 ]. Ibid., 313. [ 13 ]. Ibid., 323.

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Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Oklahoma

Ten Facts About the U.S. State of Oklahoma Population: 3,751,351 (2010 estimate)Capital: Oklahoma CityBordering States: Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas and MissouriLand Area: 69,898 square miles (181,195 sq km)Highest Point: Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m)Lowest Point: Little River at 289 feet (88 m)Oklahoma is a state located in the central southern part of the United States to the north of Texas and the south of Kansas. Its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City and it has a total population of 3,751,351 (2010 estimate). Oklahoma is known for its prairie landscape, severe weather and for its fast growing economy.The following is a list of ten geographic facts about Oklahoma: The first permanent inhabitants of Oklahoma are believed to have first settled the region between 850 and 1450 C.E. In the early to mid-1500s Spanish explorers traveled throughout the area but it was claimed by French explorers in the 1700s. French control of Oklahoma lasted until 1803 when the United States purchased all of Frances territory west of the Mississippi River with the Louisiana Purchase.Once Oklahoma was purchased by the United States, more settlers began to enter the region and during the 19th century, the Native Americans who had been living in the region were forcibly moved away from their ancestral lands in the region to the lands surrounding Oklahoma. This land became known as Indian Territory and for several decades after its creation, it was fought over by both the Native Americans who had been forced to move there and new settlers to the region.By the end of the 19th century, there were attempts to make Oklahoma Territory a state. In 1905 the Sequoyah Statehood C onvention took place to create an all Native American state. These conventions failed but they began the movement for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention which eventually led to the territory becoming the 46th state to enter the Union on November 16, 1907. After becoming a state, Oklahoma quickly began to grow as oil was discovered throughout several regions of the state. Tulsa was known as the Oil Capital of the World at this time and most of the states early economic success was based on oil but agriculture was also prevalent. In the 20th century, Oklahoma continued to grow but it also became a center of racial violence with the Tulsa Race Riot in 1921. By the 1930s Oklahomas economy began to decline and it suffered further due to the Dust Bowl.Oklahomas began to recover from the Dust Bowl by the 1950s and by the 1960s. Massive water conservation and flood control plan was put into place to prevent another such disaster. Today the state has a diversified economy that is based on aviation, energy, the manufacture of transportation equipment, food processing, electronics and telecommunications. Agriculture also still plays a role in Oklahomas economy and it is fifth in U.S. cattle and wheat production.Oklahoma is in the southern United States and with an area of 69,898 square miles (181,195 sq km) it is the 20th largest state in the country. It is near the geographic center of the 48 contiguous states and it shares borders with six different states. Oklahoma has a varied topography because it is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau. As such its western borders have gently sloping hills, while southeast has low wetlands. The highest point in the state, Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m), is in its western panhandle, while the lowest point, Little River at 289 feet (88 m), is in the southeast.The state of Oklahoma has a temperate continental throughout much of its area and a humid subtropical climate in the east. In addition, the high plains of the panhandle area have a semi-arid climate. Oklahoma City has an average January low temperature of 26Ëš (-3ËšC) and an average July high temperature of 92.5Ëš (34ËšC). Oklahoma is also prone to severe weather like thunderstorms and tornadoes because it is geographically located in an area where air masses collide. Because of this, much of Oklahoma is within Tornado Alley and on average 54 tornadoes hit the state each year.Oklahoma is an ecologically diverse state as it i s home to over ten different ecological regions that range from arid grasslands to marshlands. 24% of the state is covered in forests and there is a variety of different animal species. In addition, Oklahoma is home to 50 state parks, six national parks, and two national protected forests and grasslands. Oklahoma is known for its large system of education. The state is home to several large universities which include the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University and the University of Central Oklahoma. To learn more about Oklahoma, visit the states official website.ReferencesInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Oklahoma: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108260.htmlWikipedia.org. (29 May 2011). Oklahoma - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma

Strategies for a Two Speed Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategies for a Two Speed Program - Essay Example Today the companies are more concerned on R&D so that they can deliver better product. Successful business always requires a best location in the two-speed world. These companies has to study on the market to produce the products cost effectively. According to management experts for a two speed economy it is important to note that profit becomes the primary objective which can be attained only through proper growth. Pricing is secondary factor but best pricing is concerned with product design, a better product design helps to hold better price in the market. It’s very important to handle product and pricing on same hands finally comes the reward for the market with proper incentives, these compensation helps the companies to hold the market. The basic principles of two speed world are to produce products in developing economies at low cost labor and to do their R& D in the developed economies. It is very important to consider that the new product cannot be taken to the emergin g economies as it is. It has to be transformed, and it should adapt to the needs of the culture and taste of the people in that economy. This is an important lesson taught by these economies to the rest of the world. So we can anticipate that these economies bring growth & development to the world Fashion or Strategy? Why Firms Are Jumping on the Sustainability Bandwagon. The ongoing trend in the business scenario is to develop sustainable business. Sustainability here refers to companies focusing on environmental, social, and governmental factors or in short called ESG. Focusing on ESG has become need of the hour as it’s not just the image of the company which benefitted but the bottom-line too in a great way. Companies adopting sustainable mode of business strategy gets benefitted from all sides right from customers who are these days very much conscious about the environmental impact the company is creating or how green the company’s products are. Other stakeholders who are concerned are the money lenders such as banks and financial institutions who lend believe that in order for a business initiative to become successful without any hurdles it requires total support from the social community which will be extended only if the business do not cause any harm of any kind to the community and in turn only a successful business can return the money lend by lenders. Other concerned people are the company management who looks forward to save cost through cleaner and efficient business. Companies focusing on sustainability instead of simply surviving in the market adds value to their product offering thus improve the bottom line of the companies. These are reasons why companies are seriously adopting social marketing concept to involve society their business. Even government have become particular on the ethical business practices to be followed by the companies wherein failing to do so would attract restrictions from their side. It’s clear an d evident from these developments that focusing on sustainably by companies is no more a fashion or trend adopted by the companies as in past, but a very serious and integral strategy from the company right from its core. Building a Brand on the Smell of Mom's Kitchen: How Panera Found Success in a Down Economy: Panera is the country’s fastest growing old stylish artisan bread cafes, which offers assorted & contemporise style menu in affordable cost with almost 1,420 stores and with a market