Visible Light - Chemistry Definition

Definition: Visible light is a range of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. The wavelengths associated with this range are 380 nm to 750 nm. (1 nm 10-9 m)

African American History and Women Timeline 1860-1869

[Previous] [Next] Women and African American History: 1860-1869 1860 †¢ founded in 1832 and accepting male and female, white and black students, by 1860 Oberlin College had a student population that was one-third African American 1861 †¢ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, autobiography of Harriet Jacobs, was published, including descriptions of the sexual exploitation of female slaves †¢ Laura Towne, from Pennsylvania, went to the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina to teach the former slaves -- she ran a school in the Sea Islands until 1901, adopting several African American children with her friend and teaching partner, Ellen Murray 1862 †¢ Charlotte Forten arrived in the Sea Islands to work with Laura Towne, teaching former slaves †¢ Mary Jane Patterson, graduating from Oberlin College, was the first African American woman to graduate from an American college †¢ Congress abolished slavery in Washington, DC †¢ (July 16) Ida B. Wells (Wells-Barnett) born (muckraking journalist, lecturer, activist, anti-lynching writer and activist) †¢ (July 13-17) many New York African Americans killed in draft riots †¢ (September 22) Emancipation Proclamation issued, freeing slaves within territory controlled by the Union 1863 †¢ Fanny Kemble published Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation which opposed slavery and served as anti-slavery propaganda †¢ Memoir of Old Elizabeth a Coloured Woman published: autobiography of an African Methodist Episcopal evangelist †¢ Susie King Taylor, African American army nurse with the Union army, began writing her journal, later published as In Reminiscences of My Life in Camp: Civil War Nurse †¢ Mary Church Terrell born (activist, clubwoman) 1864 †¢ Rebecca Ann Crumple graduated from the New England Medical College, becoming the first African American woman M.D. 1865 †¢ slavery ended in the United States with the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution †¢Ã‚  American Equal Rights Association  founded by  Elizabeth Cady Stanton,  Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, Lucy Stone, and others, to work for equal rights for African Americans and women -- the group split in 1868 over which group (women or African American men) should take priority †¢Ã‚  Charlotte Forten  published Life on the Sea Islands about her teaching experiences as an African American northerner who went south to teach former slaves †¢ sculptor  Edmonia Lewis  produced a bust of Robert Gould Shaw, who led black troops in the Civil War †¢ (March 9) Mary Murray Washington born (educator, founder of the Tuskegee Womans Club, wife of Booker T. Washington) †¢ (April 11)  Mary White Ovington  born (social worker, reformer, NAACP founder) †¢ (-1873) many women teachers, nurses, and physicians went to the South to help former slaves by founding schools and providing other services, as part of the Freedmens Bureau effort or as missionaries with religious or more secular organizations 1866 †¢ President Andrew Johnson vetoed funding for and extension of the Freedmens Bureau, but Congress overrode the veto †¢Ã‚  Old Elizabeth  died 1867 †¢ Rebecca Cole graduated from medical school, the second African American woman to do so. She went on to work with  Elizabeth Blackwell  in New York. †¢Ã‚  Edmonia Lewis  created sculpture Forever Free communicating the response of African Americans when they heard of the end of slavery †¢ (July 15)  Maggie Lena Walker  born (banker, executive) †¢ (December 23) Sarah Breedlove Walker (Madam C.J. Walker) born 1868 †¢Ã‚  14th Amendment  to the US Constitition granted US citizenship to African American men -- for the first time explicitly defining US citizens as male. Attitudes towards the importance of this change split the American Equal Rights Association within the year. Much later, the 14th Amendment became the basis for various  equal protection  cases advocating for womens rights. †¢ Elizabeth Keckley, dressmaker and confidante of Mary Todd Lincoln, published her autobiography,  Behind the Scenes; or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House †¢ sculptor  Edmonia Lewis  produced  Hagar in the Wilderness 1869 †¢ biography  Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People  by Sarah Bradford published; proceeds funded a home for the elderly founded by  Harriet Tubman †¢Ã‚  National Woman Suffrage Association  founded (NWSA), with  Elizabeth Cady Stanton  as first president †¢ (November) American Woman Suffrage Association founded (AWSA), with Henry Ward Beecher as first president [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1910-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Eoct Em2 Free Essays

Admin AEL-list tools repair locker APL-equipment fixed to the hull/vessel Mica: * (management information configuration allowances) tailored to a specific individual unit or unit class * Parts of mica: 1. Section a- equipment nomenclature sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by equipment 2. Section b- hsc description sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by structure coed 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Eoct Em2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Section c- hsc code sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by HSC 4. Section d-apl/ael number sequence- list of apl/ael-sorted by apl/ael number FED log: * Made up in two files . Interactive query coast guard only uses this one used as information resource 2. Batch file * Wild card is the ability to search characters or numbers * Data view bar provides quick links to different screens in fed log * Icon (magnifingglass)Characteristics data response- provides description information * Icon (man) Management Data response- provides the service/agency CMPLUS: * Supports unit supply mission * Take material from inventory you must do an initial request * Inventory * Initial requests * Initial requests * Orders Receipts * Suppliers allowances * Group inventory OPFAC- identifies each Coast Guard unit Surflog: * Fill out a surlog: 1. Department coed 2. Opfac 3. Cog code 4. Stock number 5. Unit of issue 6. Nomenclature andsupplier 7. Quanitity needed 8. Cost * federal supply system * keep track of h ow much money you have expended * identify what is ordered and what has been recived * if you are copying information from old surg log confirm info in fedlog. Procurement request- form dot f 4200. 1. 2 cg- commercial suppliers MPC- PMS detail instruction card E. – A-M-3356(A=auxiliary M=monthly 3356=identification number) M-main propulsion machinery A-auxiliary E-electrical R-damage control NEM- m9000. 6 ELC website -submit a change Engineering dept shall maintain single tag-out log Tag out- comdtinst 9077. 1 * Check and audits once every two weeks by cognizant dept * Tag numbers shall start over OCT 1 * Size of the vessel determines the number of tag-out logs required * Replacing a missing tag- next sequential number on tag out sheet * Check correctly installed visual compare- tag out record sheet and tag audit Recommend change in PMS procedures must: In written form * Given to the PSM coordinator FPD( financial and procurement) provides acquisitions and accounting First qu arter- is oct-dec Take material from inventory you must do an initial request TACHOMETER Tachometer- is an instrument that generates, transmits, and indicates info that is converted into a measurement of rotation speed Verify reading against info found on nameplate data 4 types of Tachometer: 1. Chronometric Tachometer, accessible shaft, press and release start button, displays after 5sec 2. Centrifugal tachometer, continuous reading of rpm’s on accessible shaft 3. Resonant tachometer, vibrating, when shaft is not accessible 4. Photo-electric tachometer, battery operated, non-contact(place reflective tape on shaft Calibration done- 12 to 18 months, sticker has last calibration and due date Frequency = number of cycles in a given time F (Hertz) = number of poles X rpm/120 Rpm=120 X f/ no of poles Transducers Pressures Transducers- convert pressure into an electrical output signal that is proportionate to the input pressure. Always obtain permission prior to troubleshooting, isolate from the pressurized system Replace with same type or a higher grade King nutronics- 2250 psi Uses 4-20ma so it travel longer distances Don’t zero and span to compensate reading Easily manipulated Prone to interference Troubleshooting- verify transducer is the problem Resistance Temp Detector RTD (resistance temp detector) temp sensor whose electrical resistance changes linearly with change in temp RTD is connected to wheatherstone bridge Two elements with separate temp gauge 1. Nickel: -40 to 1000 degree for all configurations 2. Platinum: -40 to 1000 degree for thermowell, bare bulb and embedded configuration Two wire sensing element: red and white * needs compensation circuit Three wire sensing elements: 2whites and red* no need compensation Three types of RTD configurations: 1. 5sec. embedded( oil film temp in machinery bearing) 2. 8sec. Thermowell ( high pressure) 3. 15sec. Bare Bulb directly immersed in high pressure gas Thermocouple Thermocouple is device to measure temp as temp changes a electrical potential in MV is generated Used in pyrometer Air temp change in a cold junction will cause erroneous reading Cleaning: approved solvent, checking loose or dirty connection, calibrations UAW tech manual by manufactures Two dissimilar metals that is referred as HOT JUNCTION(thermocouple sensor) Two dissimilar metals become similar is Cold junction (reference junction) Two type of therocouples 1. Type K, chromel(+yellow) Alumel (-Red) 2. Type J, Iron (+white) constantan (-Red) Synchro Two types of damping methods: 1. Electrical 2. Mechanical Highest value of effective voltage induced in one stator coil is 52v Rapid and accurate transmission Electromagnetic induction Two general classifications: 1. Troque -moves light loads like dials 2. Control -heavy loads gun directors Two common synchro rotors or windings: 1. Salient pole rotor 2. Drum or wound rotor Synchro resembles small electrical motor operates like a variable transformer NEVER connect 400hz synchro to 60hz voltage Operating voltage and frequency is mark on name plate Military standard and navy prestandard synchros- 115 vac or 26vac Load dictates the type of synchro and system By reversing s1 and s3 both synchro motors turn the same amount, in opposite directions Change S2 causes 120 degree error – it reverses the direction Oscillation and spinning of the pointer: 1. Stator winding are shorted 2. Defective damper Reversal R1 and R2 180 degree error – rotation remains the same Damping circuit prevents gear train oscillations or spinning Common zeroing methods: 1. AC Voltmeter method( most accurate) 2. Electrical-lock( fastest) Rotor gets voltage by primary winding â€Å"excitation† Stator gets voltage from the Rotor by magnetic coupling GYRO Heading, roll and pitch Transmits info to weapons control, sonar radar, depth control, dead reckoning Gyrocompass has two basic properties: 1. Rigidity in space(rigid, no force) 2. Precession(right angle, applied force) MK27: 1. Consists of master compass, electronic control unit and power converter 2. Seeks true north 3. ECU-operating control-servo Amplifier-alarm Circuitry-power supply-latitude control circuitry 4. S-1 switches- Slew, Start, Run- manual or auto 5. E- core pickoff- generates signal from proportional to gyro from null 6. J3 test points- master compass 7. Full wave bridge rectifier –rectifies AC to DC 8. Choke input filter-creates smooth DC voltage Anemomter Wind direction(HD) and speed(HE) indicator relative to ships heading and speed Wind speed indicator- visual indication of wind speed and direction(single phase 115vac) Voltmeter is used with anemometer Wind speed indicator(HE) transmits signal voltmeter(magneto) Capacitor prevents RF interference or reduces stator currents Set emits RF interference: defective capacitor at rear, replace for magneto Remove 2300 ohm resistor from both sides when using to indicators Salinity Fresh water contaminated excess of 0. 25 grains of sea salt per gallon alarm will go off (audiovisual) After the solenoid is de-energized it must be manually reset Dumper valve solenoid de-energized when impurities reach alarm proportions diverting water overboard Cell test resistor- small portable unit with contact fingers System test cell inspection- monthly Inspection- bi-monthly Thermistor- temp sensitive resistor which limits current flow across the gap between the plates Salinity Module test/installation- 23 vac across tp1- tp2 gaps shorted cell/wiring ciruit VLA) Visual Landing Aids Helo deckarea marker- Lighting-Approach aids Wave off lights- cue to pilot landing is unacceptable Wave-off light will not extinguish when wave-off switch is secured command is being sent from remote panel Homing beacon -white lamp-main mast-flashes 90x per min Lamp circuit- wired: step down transformer(115/32 volts) to variable dimming circuit Line-up- lights-20 lights-white and flash in sequenc e- uni or bi-directional VLA power requirements lighting system 120v/60hz WIPER Window wipers- DC voltage, taking 115vac single-phase using full-wave bridge rectifier Oil to external oil cup lubs the brushes Replace every 3000 hours or two times a year Life span is one year Drive mechanism- converts the rotation of the motor to go back and forth Pendulum window wiper-wiper switch to park (to place wiper out of view) Steering To determine rudder rate a HARD-OVER- TO HARD –OVER command is given while ship is moving in max speed. Overtravel-is a steering position on rudder beyond the order angle and remains at that position Overshoot- few degrees beyond the older angle but returns to the order angle Three modes of operation of steering system: 1. Follow up 2. Auto pilot 3. Non follow up Four components: 1. Hydraulic system-hydraulic power units and rudder actuators 2. Emergency equipment 3. Rudder position feedback system 4. Steering controls Control circuit- generates an electrical signal to move the rudder Hydroulic power unit(HPU) ports hydraulic fluid to the actuator Actuator turns hydraulic power into mechanical motion Steering force of water acting on the rudder Solenoid valve- controls hydraulic fluid to the actuators- to move rudder Uses hydraulics to control rudder because of the high torque –to-weight ratio Maximum error allowed on rudder angle is + or -2 Battery Normal temp-80f degrees Initial: a low-rate charge given to a new battery Normal: Routine charge IAW nameplate data Emergency: a fast or boost charge Equalizing: extended normal charge given at a specific gravity Floating: voltage maintained within the limits of 2. 13 to 2. 17 volts per cell Polarization index test Determines condition of windings through a chart Brushes * Never mix brushes-rapid brushes wear could happen when mismatched * Replace if worn 1/8 inch Seat brushes in brush holder with 80grit sandpaper * Brush holders are the same distance from the commucator- no more then 1/8 no less than 1/16 unless said by manufacturer Air Gaps * distance thousands of inch between stator and rotor * measured with machinist tapered feeler gauge * reading within 10% Bearings * never use a naked flame to heat a shaft bearing or housing * two methods to remove bearings 1. arbor press 2. puller method * three method to install bearing 1. arbor press 2. puller method 3. hammer with an appropriately size tube lubricated and sealed at the factory * antifriction bearings 1. radial 2. angular contact 3. thrust * heated in oven, furnace, or oil- at 203+/- 10degrees to expand the inner ring for assembly * hot alignment- operating temp * cold alignment-room temp * Alignment check are required under the following conditions a. Upon installation b. Base or foundation is repaired c. Any action done to bearings or motor d. When specified by PMS * Preferred pump shaft alignment is the indicator reverse method * Dial indicator shows . 04 or more movement and soft foot exists * Soft foot condition has not improved after two corrections a bent foot exist * Four approved alignment methods 1. Rim and face 2. Indicator reverse 3. Close-couple pump 4. Straight edge/ feeler gauge POWER Breakers: * AQB breaker for generator switchboards * ACB (air ci rcuit breakers) commonly installed in cutter switchboards * NLB have no automatic tripping device, it uses on/off switch * NQB have no automatic tripping device, it uses circuit isolation and manual transfer applications. Selective tripping of breakers is normally accomplished with a short time-delay feature * No authorized changes should be made to trip settings on a breaker * Purpose of switchboard circuit breakers are: 1. Circuit protection 2. Circuit isolation 3. The normal switching operation of an electrical circuit For silver or silver alloys contacts maintenance: 1. Fine file or sandpaper NO. 00 fine sandpaper is used to clean For copper contacts 2. Never use emery cloth Decrease contact forces may cause Overheating of the contact trips( loud humming or chattering is the warning) Power factor = kw/kva * Kva-apparent power * Kw-true power- the power actually used (uses a wattmeter) Reverse power relay-reverse current rating setting 5% for 10seconds Voltage regulator senses output voltage To obtain 100% power factor circuit must be purely resistive Uninterruptible power supply (ups) protects system from low voltage brown outs Motor generator (MG) is electrical motor that turns a generator (supplies regulated type111 electrical power to system) Motor generator output-120v, three phase, 400hz INDICATOR LIGHTS * White mg power is available * Blue generator circuit breaker is closed * Yellow mg is in use on the other circuit * Clear ground in the system/synchronizing * Red danger * Green normal Hysteresis loss, caused by friction develop between magnetic particles as they rotated though each cycle The primary windings of a current transformer should be connected in the line carrying the current to be measured One terminal of the secondary should be grounded Logarithmic negative temp coefficient- an increase in temp but decrease in resistance Positive temperature coefficient- an increase in temp and increase in resistance Negative temperature coefficient- an decrease in temp and decrease in resistance Only 450m 3phase 3 wire system ungrounded shore power source is acceptable for supplying electrical power. D’arsonval effect- through coil-magnetic field-repel or retract from coil magnetism Selective tripping- time delay source breakers 2301= 4 to 9 terminal MK 27 GYRO COMPASS IS A DIRECT READING COMPASS. SEEKS AND CONTINUOUSLY INDICATES THE MERIDIAN OR TRUE NORTH TWO BASIC PARTS OF THE MASTER COMPASS IS THE BINNACLE AND THE BASE ELECTRICAL CONTROL UNIT (ECU) OF THE MK 27 HOUSES OPERATING CONTROLS, FOLLOW UP SERVO AMPLIFIER, ALARM CIRCUIT, POWER SUPPLY, AND LATITUDE CONTROL WHAT CIRCUIT DESIGNATION FOR AN AIR FLOW ALARM HF COMPONENTS OF AN ALARM INDICATOR SYSTEM ARE SUPERVISORY CIRCUIT, ALARM CIRCUIT, ALARM DEVICES DRIVE UNIT CONVERTS ROTARY MOTION OF THE DRIVE MOTOR INTO A BACK AND FORTH MOTION IN A WINDOW WIPING SYSTEM PENDULUM POWER REQ 115 VOLTS, SINGLE PHASE AC SYCNCHRO CAPSITORS MAINTAINS ACCURACY IN SYNCHRO SYSTEMS. ALSO REDUCES STATOR CURRENTS M. I. C. A DESIGNATED TO A SPECIFIC UNIT FPD PROGRAM PROVIDES SIMPLIFIED ACQUISITION AND ACCOUNTING FUNCTIONS FOR LARGE UNITS OF THE COAST GUARD PRIMARY POWER FOR COAST GUARD 450 VOLT, THREE PHASE, 60HZ SECONDARY POWER FOR COAST GUARD 120 VOLT, THREE PHASE, 60HZ, TWO WIRE GROUND DETECTOR CANNOT DETECT GROUNDS THROUGH A TRANSFORMER POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT THE RESISTANCE INCREASES WITH TEMPERATURE WATER INSIDE TRANSDUCER IS FROM†¦ EITHER FROM HUMIDIDTY OR FLUID FROM THE SYSTEM LEAKING BY THE DIAPHRAGM ADVANTAGE FOR USING A 4-20MA SIGNAL IN A TRANSDUCER IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED WITH LITTLE TO NO INTERFERENCE THREE LEAD RTD DOES NOT REQUIRE A †¦ COMPENSATION CIRCUIT REED SWITCH USED IN FLOODING ALARM SYSTEM BEARINGS DISASSEMBLING PRELIMINARIES BEFORE DISASSEMBLING, MATCH MARK ALL ADJACENT PARTS INCLUDING END BELLS, STATOR FEET, CARTRIDGE COVERS, END CAPS, AND COUPLING HALVES, SO THATTHEY ARE REMOUNTED IN THEIR EXACT ORIGINAL POSITION DUMP VALVE MUST BE RESET MANUALLY FUNCTION OF THERMISTOR ON THE SALINITY CELL A TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE RESISTOR WHICH LIMITS THE CURRENT FLOW ACROSS THE GP BETWEEN THE PLATES PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE FOR SALINITY SYSTEM METER CHECK (DAILY), ALARM TRIP LEVELS (WEEKLY), SYSTEM TEST (MONTHLY), CELL INSPECTION (MONTHLY), CELL VALVE INSPECTION (YEARLY), SYSTEM INSPECTION (BI- MONTHLY) POWER REQ FOR ANEOMETER 115 VAC, 60 HZ Term First       Both Sides TROUBLE SHOOTING SYNCHRO SYSTEMOVERLOAD INDICATOR LIGHTS, UNITS HUM AT ALL TX SETTINGS, ONE UNIT OVERHEATS, TR FOLLOWS SMOOTHLY BUT READS WRONG (ROTOR CIRCUIT OPEN OR SHORTED), OVERLOAD INDICATOR LIGHTS, UNITS HUM ON TWO OPPOSITE TX SETTINGS, BOTH UNITS GET WARM, TR TURNS SMOOTHLY IN ONE DIRECTION, THE REVERSES (STATOR CIRCUIT OPEN)| preventive maintence comdtinst m9000. , scheduled mpc serial numbers are first component is system it belongs to and 2nd is the frequency adding oil to the external cup lubricates†¦ the bushings components of the steering system are: steering controls, hydraulic system, rudder feedback system, emergency system primary mode for the steering system is hydraulic and electric Pressure senseing element converts gas or liquid energy into pschycal(mechnical) displacement Pressure snubber is a pressure transmitting device that restricts the rate of fluid flowing to a pressure senseing instrument and as the result, the rate f pressure changes How to cite Eoct Em2, Essay examples

Management Theory And Ethical Dilemmas †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Theory And Ethical Dilemmas. Answer: Introduction Ethical dilemmas are common to a real world business organization. Ethical dilemmas are the common phenomenon that takes place frequently in the organization. It is a situation where an individual is unable to find out the difference between right and wrong. Employees have to deal with the organizational pressure that leads to an accumulated pressure. The choice regarding the organization is developed based on the unethical practices. Excessive competition in the business atmosphere leads to use of unethical practices at work. Large-sized business organization has a tendency to overlook the ethical dilemma. Whistle blowers are hiding due to the fear of management (Broad, 2014). Hence Ethical dilemma has become an extremely pressurizing situation for the employees and the management. Pressure to perform well from the management is driving the employees into wrong direction. Employees have to perform under such conditions making it into a nightmare. The unethical business practice is q uestioning the credibility of employees and management. In the recent time, Organizations like Volkswagen, Johnson and Johnson, Samsung and McDonalds gained widespread criticism due to their unethical practices (Broad, 2014). The report therefore review the unethical practices followed by McDonalds in 2016 during theroid Olympics. The largest burger restaurant chain is known for selling toys with the happy meal. Over the years, they have made sophisticated changes in the toys depending on thronging market trend. In 2016 Olympics the Brand introduced Step-It, a pint-sized step counter for children. The watch-like device was introduced by McDonalds to attract kids to buy a happy meal. The watch was manufactured for the kids to monitor their daily physical activities. Dozens of users stated developing skin irritation though these watches. Record of such incidences has this has brought attention of the world media and created an anger in the global market (CBC News, 2016). Background McDonalds has a long history of working with the Olympic committee. It has been a loyal sponsor since a very long time. The restaurant chain is famous among the kids for the toys that give as a complementary gift with the happy meal. In 2016 Olympics the Brand introduced Step-It, a pint-sized step counter for children. The watch-like device was introduced by McDonalds to attract kids to buy a happy meal. The device was manufactured with a clear motive to attract more kids. The idea was to generate curiosity among kids to promote getting in shape. The watches were made with a cheap material in order to attract more number of kids (Charlebois, 2016). The information regarding the skin irritation forced the restaurant chain to stop the sale of happy meals toys. The issue gained nation-wide protest and brought the attention of media agencies. The unethical practice to gross up the profits triggered the nationwide agitation against the brand during the Rio Olympic. This was not the first kind of incidence registered in the past years. There were many such incidences where McDonalds came under highlights due to its unethical practice (Forbes. 2017). The happy meal strategy was built to attract attention of kids. The unethical dilemma here was to increase the revenue with less investment. The happy meal strategy was developed by making vast investment on the advertisements. The dilemma arises when the company wants to make profit through wrongful mean. McDonalds has been making news headlines because of its unhealthy menu. Most of the health organization is blaming the restaurant chain for their unhealthy menu. All these business prac tices followed by McDonalds are affecting long term profitability. The management turn blind eye to ethical breaches resulting in such incidences. There is an extreme level of competition among the business enterprise to make profits. This has resulted in unethical business practices have created a difficulty in managing the situation (Gibison, 2017). The report provides information regarding the ethical dilemma faced by McDonalds during the Rio Olympics. The basic purpose is to understand the concept of Ethical Dilemma and to identify the issues faced by the company in meeting the targets. CSR is an important part in an organization. For the purpose of managing the organization it is important to understand the functions of ethical dilemma. It is important for a business organization to follow an ethical corporate culture this will guarantee a regular growth within an organization. The unethical business practices are creating problem for the economy on a long run (Gorey, 2016). Scope To identify the ethical issue and to highlights the reason behind such a situation. The harmful effects of ethical dilemma can be seen in the regular business practice. Large-sized business organizations generally avoid the concept of ethical dilemma. They only look for making profits that but the integrity of the organization questionable. Pressure to perform well from the management is driving the employees into wrong direction. Employees have to perform under such conditions making it into a nightmare. The unethical activities at Mc Donalds have affected the organization badly. These business practices are harmful for their reputation itself. The unethical practice was highlighted by the media houses. The report focus on the factors that forces an organization to function unethically. The ethical Dilemma McDonalds is known across the world for its hazardous menu causing tallness. The menu offered by the brand causes diseases like obesity, infections etc. This has created an issue in managing health of kids. There are different unethical activities carried by McDonalds bringing notice of health organizations to the issue. The Happy Meal by McDonalds represents approximately 10 percent of the total sales of McDonalds. Approximately 1.5 billion happy meals are sold internationally. The toys provided by McDonalds add to the bottom line of the company. Recently, San Francisco banned the bargain practice followed by the companies as its strategy. All these business tactics act as a dime activity in the era of competition. The concept of Social license is a skill used by the business organizations in order to operate with confidence. This is to deal with the lawful activities followed by the organization. As per The existing policies, the company is using supply chain transparency, environmental stewardship and gender equality for managing the team. All These resources have critical issue to the organization in dealing with the challenging industry (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). The happy meal has grabbed attention of many people across the world. In Chile, the fast food chains are not allowed to giv e free toys with the happy meal. In few countries McDonalds is giving away books with the happy meal. The toys sold by McDonalds are able to grab Children imagination for a few hours at most. It is objected by few that giving away of happy meal is a waste. The moral obligation while giving away resides with the food restaurant chain. There is a change in the business practices, what was satisfactory a few years ago are not amused in the present business environment. The brand needs to establish itself as a pioneer in the market through healthy habits (Joiner, 2016). There are convinced flaws in the watches design that caused skin abrasions. It affected the sudden recall from all over the world. Many international brands are using this technique to entice children across the globe. The StepIt has brings the attention of whole world on the ethical and moral dimensions. Companies are only focusing on the finance. They are using business practices that are not good for the organization (Kroc, 2016). McDonalds toy distribution strategy is under question due to the lack of nutritional value. Consumers are questioning the organizational practices. In order to manage a balance between the ethical practices it has to focus on an effective way to meet the result. As an alternative of distributing toys it should find out effective strategies to position itself at a competitive place. Distribution of toys with the happy meal is the brand strategy. The use of unethical practice in business is disruptive for gaining long term advantage (Marczewski, 2016). The recent issue At Rio Olympics is an example of ethical dilemma. The unethical practice by McDonalds to sell off toys made of cheap quality is a serious ethical issue. It is strange to imagine that the companies are putting a lot of effort to drain income. McDonalds has faced issues due to lesser nutritional value in their menu. The happy meals sold at McDonalds are considered as one of the major reasons of obesity in ki ds. Like other restaurant chain shifting their focus on the social responsibility; McDonalds has a responsibility of developing itself as a healthy brand among kids (Meith, 2007). The unethical practices are creating problem hence affecting the market position on a long term. The lesser nutritional value in the food is one of the reason affecting the market value of the brand. Many voluntary organizations are raising concern against the happy meals and distribution toys along with it. However, it is important from the point of view of global responsibility towards nutritional value (Nill, 2015). By Selling happy meal and StepIt together is contradictory in itself. How is it possible to expect health by eating junk food? The cheap devise sold by the brand had a purpose to attract kids. This strategy initially helped in building revenue but later changed the complete situation (Press Association.2016). Implication of Kantianism Theory The theory focuses on developing healthy habit in consistency with the organization. The purpose of this theory is to state the action of making a rational choice regarding the ethical values. The company need to works ethically without using unethical mean. This means, using a path where the organization is able to manage the organizational cultural value. It is important for the organization to focus on managing the ethical practice in an effective way. The issue seen in this situation is regarding the ethical breaches. These ethical breaches seen in the recent time has a long term impact on the organization. In order to make profit, companies are using unethical means. As per Kantianism Theory the organization using such a policy can be justifiable from the point of view of company. The only purpose of the organization is to make profit through any mean. Its the market that can cause potential harm to kids. It is important from the point of view of a brand working from a very long time. These issues need to be highlighted in order to gain profitable interest. It is recommended to behave ethically on a long run in order to avoid the situation (Queerty2011). Role of a leader A leader has a role to look after the organizational operations. In the existing competitive situation, it is evident to manage the organization by managing the individual interest. It is the responsibility of a leader to give a correct brief regarding the ethical issues. It is important to beware about the changes tiling place in the business environment. Awareness is important for the organization in order to deal with the issues. By focusing on every individual employee, it is possible to manage the organization in an effective way. These policies are important to be curate by the leader. It is his duty to generate awareness about the issue taking place in the organization. The employees need to be informed about the ethical violations in the organization (winter, 2011). It is their responsibility to imbibe formal culture about the organization in order to gain market effectiveness. It is the fiduciary duty of the manager to act in the good faith of the organization. It this way t hey can put forward the required changes in order to gain goodwill. These changes are important to manage the activities in a better way (Santa Carla University.2014). In the given situation, it is the duty of the manager to lead the changes and add transparency into the process. In this situation, it is important to manage the business enterprise carefully by imparting training and development. The systematic training and development regarding such activities need to be given properly at the time of employee orientate. Employees under extreme pressure work unethically (Weekly, 2017). In order to manage such a situation, it is important to derive an effective plan by imbibing planning and development. These factors are important for considering the organizational growth and development. While working in such a situation, the manger has to focus on each and every individual in order to gain competitive market advantage (Sheehan, 2013). There are certain incidences where a company is making a continuous mistake through unethical business practice. Being a market leader in a fast food chain it is there primary duty to focus efficiently by looking at ethical issues. The company just to make enormous profit cannot use unethical business practices. This will affect the business and various other -functions on the long run. Companies like McDonalds are attracting audience especially kids through advertisements. It is the part of their promotional activities. They have an accountability to act ethically in the favor of the whole society. The overall purpose of a global company is to meet corporate social responsibility in an effective way (Press Association, 2016). A manger holds an important position that makes them accountable for ethical reasons. They need to fulfill an obligation towards the organization as well by monitoring ethical practices. McDonalds cannot get away with the responsibility towards the society. Thi s is becoming important from the part of the organization to check booming measures to carry out tasks. The occurrence of such event in the past has triggered issues in the organization requesting a need for an effective measure in order to meet the future needs (Stein, 2016). In this situation it is important to look out for an effective way facilitating organization to grow. A leader has to set a plan in order it avoid such a situation. This is only possible if the employs are ready to imbibe the organizational culture. This will let them work more efficiently without any external pressure to perform. A leader has to set an example in order to manage issues. Ethical dilemma occurs when an employee try to push himself in an unethical way. These situations are harmful for the organization on long run. This is having a significant impact in terms of managing the organization (Trevino Nelson, 2016). This is required for a business organization in the international market. Incidence l ike this is an eye-opener. People tend to get information regarding the bad practices followed by the Multi-national organization. This only created problem s in the organization. The credibility is important aspect for managing the credibility for a long term. For this reason it is evident to set an example for the whole world by meeting the existing policies (The Associated Press2016). Recommendations Ethical dilemma is common in todays competitive business environment. In order to manage such a situation, it is important to come up with an effective plan to reduce the ill-effect it is having on the business environment. It is recommended that McDonalds should practice in an effective way by introducing systematic strategies. The current target market of McDonalds is kids for the reason it is expected from the brand to follow ethical measures setting example for the whole society (Tran, et al 2015). The business leaders need to create competitive market strategy by keeping in mind the ethical values. The employees should not be forced to perform above expectations. This might affect the organization globally. For McDonalds it is important to come up with an effective business strategy to meet the results. The company need to works ethically without using unethical mean (Tylee, 2016). This means, using a path where the organization is able to manage the organizational cultural valu e. There is a growing necessity to meet the compliance in regard with meeting the effective results. There is a need of a strong legal compliance in order to refer this issue. This issue is currently affecting the organizational growth and development and has a long-lasting impact on its goodwill. It is responsibility of McDonalds to form a compliance team. This team should be given a responsibility to deal with such a situation. There is a responsibility to develop an effective plan in order to deal with the situation (Vaughn, 2015). Conclusion The changes in global working condition are putting an impact on the organizational ethical values. It is important for an organization to look after the problems it faces in meeting the target. This is important for focusing on organizational growth and development on a long run. For the purpose of bringing integrity, it is evident to manage an effective business framework relocating the factors in an effective way. The company need to works ethically without using unethical mean. This means, using a path where the organization is able to manage the organizational cultural value. It is important for the organization to focus on managing the ethical practice in an effective way. CSR practices are important for an organization to meet the objectives. The report is based on concept regarding the organizational ethical dilemma and the process to manage. It describes the threats associated with the organization and how one can reduce such situations. As per The existing policies, the com pany is using supply chain transparency, environmental stewardship and gender equality for managing the team. 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